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Postoperative analgesic effects of either a constant rate infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or the combination lidocaine-ketamine-dexmedetomidine after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Pain MedicineMedicinePostoperative Pain ManagementCombination Lidocaine-ketamine-dexmedetomidinePostoperative Analgesic EffectsConstant Rate InfusionAnesthesia PracticePreoperative PainPain ManagementSurgeryAnesthesiaPerioperative MedicineAnesthetic PharmacologyAnalgesicsAnesthesiologyHealth Sciences