Preoperative pain is a research concept and focus within the field of perioperative care that examines the experience of pain or discomfort occurring in patients prior to surgical intervention. This concept investigates the prevalence, etiology, severity, and characteristics of presurgical pain, including its association with existing medical conditions and psychological factors. Its significance lies in its critical influence on perioperative management strategies, the risk of postoperative complications (such as inadequate pain control and adverse effects), patient recovery trajectories, and overall patient satisfaction.