The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass–legume pastures on dry matter yield and forage quality

Abstract

A 3-yr study was conducted on Black and Gray Wooded soils at five different sites in the Aspen Parkland of Saskatchewan to determine the effect of spiking, burning, mowing, deep-banding (Trt) and applications of N, P, K and S liquid and granular fertilizers (Fert) on dry matter yield (DMY) and forage quality of primarily smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures. Fertilizer application was a liquid form blended to provide 100 kg N ha –1 , 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha –1 , 23 kg K 2 O ha –1 and 12 kg S ha –1 in 350 kg of fertilizer ha –1 . The experimental design at each site was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. Main plots were spike, burn, mow, deep-band, deep-band liquid fertilizer and control. The split-plot treatment was granular fertilizer broadcast at 0 and 350 kg ha −1 (providing 100 kg N ha −1 , 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 , 23 kg K 2 O ha –1 and 12 kg S ha −1 ). All treatments were applied in the spring of 1994. Interaction effects of Trt × Yr and Fert × Yr were significant (P < 0.05) indicating a wide range of response to the rejuvenation methods among years. Spiking reduced (P < 0.05) DMY in year 1 at two sites. Deep-banding and mowing increased (P < 0.05) DMY at one site in year 3. Burning increased (P < 0.05) DMY in years 1 and 2 only at the Gray Wooded soil site. In year 1, liquid plus granular fertilizer (200 kg N ha –1 ) [deep-banded liquid fertilizer (DBLIQ at 100 kg N ha −1 ) + broadcast fertilizer (+F at 100 kg N ha −1 ] increased DMY at all sites by 84 to 185% over control plots. This effect carried over (P < 0.05) into year 2 at four sites but not the third and final year. The high rate of N (200 kg N ha −1 ) of the DBLIQ + F almost doubled (P < 0.05) crude protein content of year 1 forage, 170.3 g kg −1 compared with 96.4 g kg –1 for control. It was concluded that an application of broadcast or liquid fertilizer alone or combined with mechanical treatments will produce a significant effect on herbage yield and quality but only in the short term. Key words: Rejuvenation, fertilizer, spike, burn, deep-band, quality