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Bias in association studies of systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility due to geographical variation in the frequency of a programmed cell death 1 polymorphism across Europe

Genome-wide Association StudyDisease SusceptibilityAutoimmune DiseaseSystemic Lupus Erythematosus TreatmentLupusImmunologyGenetic EpidemiologyAssociation StudiesHuman PolymorphismAutoimmunityBiostatisticsGeographical VariationPublic HealthMedicineImmune-related Gene PolymorphismEpidemiology