Helvetica Chimica Acta · 2006 · 44 citations · 55 references
Natural SciencesChemistryPhysicsAnalytical ChemistryMagnetic Resonance BiophysicsSpectroscopyElectron Paramagnetic ResonanceElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyMagnetic Resonance Pulse SequencesMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopySpectroscopy Of BiomoleculesSpectroscopy SimulationDisordered Magnetic SystemsDouble Electron-electron ResonanceElectron-electron Double ResonanceElectron-nuclear Double ResonanceNuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of DisorderPowder Spectra AnalysisPulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyUltrafast Spectroscopy
Abstract This review discusses the application of pulse EPR to the characterization of disordered systems, with an emphasis on samples containing transition metals. Electron nuclear double‐resonance (ENDOR), electron‐spin‐echo envelope‐modulation (ESEEM), and double electron–electron resonance (DEER) methodologies are outlined. The theory of field modulation is outlined, and its application is illustrated with DEER experiments. The simulation of powder spectra in EPR is discussed, and strategies for optimization are given. The implementation of this armory of techniques is demonstrated on a rich variety of chemical systems: several porphyrin derivatives that are found in proteins and used as model systems, otherwise highly reactive aminyl radicals stabilized with electron‐rich transition metals, and nitroxide–copper–nitroxide clusters. These examples show that multi‐frequency continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR provides detailed information about disordered systems.
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Synthetic Expanded Porphyrin Chemistry
Jonathan L. Sessler, Daniel Seidel · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2003 · 915 citations · Full text