The Measurement of Neurovegetative Activity During Anesthesia and Surgery in Swine: An Evaluation of Different Techniques

Abstract

In this study we evaluated, in 10 sevoflurane-anesthetized pigs undergoing abdominal surgery, different techniques for measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity: ANSiscope index, spectral analysis of heart-rate variability, hemodynamic variables, and plasma catecholamines and cortisol levels. Animals underwent a 120-min anesthesia during which unilateral ovariectomy was performed. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses were monitored. ANSiscope indices (ANSindex sympathetic, ANSindex parasympathetic and balANSindex) were used to monitor ANS activity. Spectral analysis was performed using an autoregressive model with a parametric method. The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components were used to interpret the power spectral density of short-term electrocardiograms (ECGs). The relationship LF/(LF+HF) reflects sympathetic activity, HF/(LF+HF) indicates parasympathetic activity, and the LF/HF ratio gives the predominance of the system. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol were determined at different times. Correlation (P < 0.01) was found between the balANSindex and adrenaline levels and between LF/HF ratio and plasma adrenaline concentrations. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.01) correlation was found between the balANSindex and LF/HF ratio. However, no correlation was seen between the registered ANSiscope indices and hemodynamic variables. The correlation seen in this study suggests that the balANSindex could be a useful tool to monitor ANS activity during anesthesia and surgery.