Dual toroidal photoelectron spectrometer for investigating photodouble ionization in atoms and molecules

Abstract

A photoelectron-photoelectron coincidence spectrometer, incorporating two independent toroidal analyzers, has been developed to study photodouble ionization of gas targets using synchrotron radiation. The energy-resolved and angle-dispersed electron images are recorded using two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors. The design and performance of the spectrometer is described, with particular emphasis on the electron optical properties of toroidal deflectors and their associated electrostatic lenses. The operation and calibration of the spectrometer are discussed and sample (γ,2e) results of helium are presented.