Designing Precursors for Geopolymer Cements

TLDR

The paper discusses designing raw materials for geopolymers to provide a green alternative to cement binders and outlines ways to tailor precursor chemistry and particle behavior. The authors outline potential methods for tailoring geopolymer precursor chemistry and particle behavior to create green materials. The study identifies that one‑part geopolymer formulations offer greater opportunities than traditional two‑part mixes, highlights the importance of network‑modifying cations and alumina for ideal glassy phases, and suggests ASTM Class C ashes could produce high‑performance geopolymers, paving the way for international standards and raising research challenges.

Abstract

This paper presents a discussion of the ability to design raw materials for use in geopolymers. To provide a “green” material to complement existing cement binders, as well as in the interests of waste beneficiation, various potential means of tailoring geopolymer precursor chemistry and particle behavior are outlined. The opportunities presented by the development of one‐part “just add water” geopolymer formulations are identified as exceeding the potential of the traditional two‐part (solid plus alkaline activator solution) mix design. The key roles played by network‐modifying (alkali and alkaline earth) cations and alumina in rendering glassy phases “ideal” for geopolymerization are discussed, and the potential value of ASTM Class C ashes in synthesis of high‐performance geopolymers becomes evident. This provides a significant step toward the development of international standards for the application of geopolymer binders in the construction industry worldwide, and raises a number of important challenges for researchers in the field of geopolymer and cement technology.