Tissue Harvest by Means of Suction-Assisted or Third-Generation Ultrasound-Assisted Lipoaspiration Has No Effect on Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Human adipose-derived stromal cells readily undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, interest in their potential role in skeletal tissue engineering continues to escalate. Very little is known regarding the effects that energy delivered by means of third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration may have on the osteogenic potential of these cells. The authors investigated whether differences in adipose-derived stromal cell yield, and the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic potential of these cells obtained by suction-assisted lipoaspiration or third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration, exist. METHODS: Adipose-derived stromal cells were harvested from lipoaspiration specimens of patients undergoing elective suction-assisted lipoaspiration and third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration. Harvested cells were seeded to evaluate proliferative capacity and in vitro osteogenic potential. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate early and terminal osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to examine osteogenic gene expression patterns of RUNX2/CFBA1 (early differentiation) and osteocalcin (late differentiation). RESULTS: No significant differences in the proliferative capacity (n = 3), alkaline phosphatase staining (n = 3), or extracellular matrix mineralization (n = 3) of suction-assisted lipoaspiration- or third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration-derived cells were appreciated. Transcript levels of markers of early and terminal osteogenic differentiation were not significantly different (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that exposure of adipose-derived stromal cells to ultrasound energy during tissue harvest by means of third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration does not impart a negative consequence toward their proliferative capacity or osteogenic potential. Thus, the cells harvested using third-generation ultrasound-assisted lipoaspiration are comparable to those obtained by means of suction-assisted lipoaspiration for use in the study of osteogenic differentiation and skeletal tissue engineering.