Integrating artificial with natural cells to translate chemical messages that direct E. coli behaviour

TLDR

Previous efforts to control cellular behavior have largely relied on genetic engineering, yet cells naturally sense and respond to their environment, suggesting alternative control strategies. The authors propose engineering artificial, non‑living cellular mimics that can activate or repress existing natural sensory pathways in living cells via chemical communication. They constructed artificial cells that translate a chemical signal invisible to E. coli into a molecule that triggers a natural cellular response, thereby expanding E.

Abstract

Abstract Previous efforts to control cellular behaviour have largely relied upon various forms of genetic engineering. Once the genetic content of a living cell is modified, the behaviour of that cell typically changes as well. However, other methods of cellular control are possible. All cells sense and respond to their environment. Therefore, artificial, non-living cellular mimics could be engineered to activate or repress already existing natural sensory pathways of living cells through chemical communication. Here we describe the construction of such a system. The artificial cells expand the senses of Escherichia coli by translating a chemical message that E. coli cannot sense on its own to a molecule that activates a natural cellular response. This methodology could open new opportunities in engineering cellular behaviour without exploiting genetically modified organisms.