Five-beam interference pattern controlled through phases and wave vectors for diamondlike photonic crystals

Abstract

We demonstrate, for what is believed to be the first time, the design of diamondlike photonic crystals made by holographic lithography based on five-beam interference. All five beams are launched from the same half-space, and the exposure can easily be realized by a single diffractive optical element. The photonic structure can be constructed through the translation of the interference pattern controlled by the phase shift of laser beams. The proposed holographic lithography is capable of creating series photonic crystals with large photonic bandgaps by adjusting the phase and the wave vector of interfering beams.