Retention and release behavior of insulin in chitosan gel beads

Abstract

Chitosan (CS) gel beads were prepared in a 10% (w/v) aqueous amino acid solution (pH 9.0) as a vehicle for delivering peptide and protein drugs. CS gel beads with a weight-average molecular weight of (16-280) x 10(4) were employed in this study. Preparation of the CS gel beads was affected by properties such as molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Insulin, which is commonly used to assess protein drug delivery, was retained in the CS gel beads. Drug release from the CS gel beads was governed by diffusion of drug from the gel matrix. Sustained release of insulin from the CS gel beads was observed, despite the fact that insulin is a comparatively water-soluble drug. because insulin formed a complex with CS. Modification of the CS gel matrix by chondroitin sulfate inhibited release of insulin from the gel beads. CS gel beads were implanted into air pouches prepared subcutaneously on the dorsal surface of diabetic mice in order to investigate the efficacy of insulin retained in the CS beads. Blood glucose levels were found to be reduced after implantation of CS gel beads retaining insulin. CS gel beads may possibly improve the stability and control of insulin release. These observations indicate that CS beads are a promising biocompatible and biodegradable vehicle for peptide and protein delivery.