IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · 1993 · 242 citations · 6 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringPhysicsAntennasMicrowave EngineeringOpticsMicrowave Integrated CircuitsMicrowave MixersMillimeter-wave CommunicationsModulationOptical ModulationOptical ModulatorsBroadband ModulationMach-zehnder InterferometersMach-zehnder ModulatorsMixer CircuitsMixer Performance MetricsMixersModulator DesignOptical Mixing
An investigation study of microwave-optical mixing in different configurations of LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators is presented. In each case, models that describe mixer performance are developed and are shown to be in good agreement with measurements. For antenna remoting applications, a technique to down-convert RF signals is demonstrated by cascading in series a pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators. In general, it is shown that by virtue of their truly broadband characteristics, interferometric modulators can also by employed as microwave mixers at frequencies up to 40 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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40 GHz, low half-wave voltage Ti:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> intensity modulator
Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, C. H. Bulmer, W. K. Burns et al. · Electronics Letters · 1992 · 104 citations