Modeling of frequency doubling and tripling with converter refractive index spatial nonuniformities due to gravitational sag

Abstract

Accurate predictions of the performance of frequency conversion requires knowledge of the spatial variation of departures from the phase-matching condition in the converter crystals. This variation is caused by processes such as crystal growth and crystal surface finishing. Gravitational sag and mounting configurations also lead to deformation and stresses which cause spatially varying departures from the phase-matching condition. We have modeled the effect of gravitational forces on conversion efficiency performance of horizontal converter crystals and have shown for the NIF mounting configurations that gravity has very little effect on conversion efficiency.