Systematic study of defect-related quenching of NV luminescence in diamond with time-correlated single-photon counting spectroscopy

Abstract

We report on the systematic characterization of photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes in NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and NV${}^{0}$ centers in 2-MeV H${}^{+}$-implanted type Ib diamond samples by means of a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) microscopy technique. A dipole-dipole resonant energy transfer model was applied to interpret the experimental results, allowing a quantitative correlation of the concentration of both native (single substitutional nitrogen atoms) and ion-induced (isolated vacancies) PL-quenching defects with the measured PL lifetimes. The TCSPC measurements were carried out in both frontal (i.e., laser beam probing the main sample surface along the same normal direction of the previously implanted ions) and lateral (i.e., laser beam probing the lateral sample surface orthogonally with respect to the same ion implantation direction) geometries. In particular, the latter geometry allowed a direct probing of the centers lifetime along the strongly nonuniform damage profiles of MeV ions in the crystal. The extrapolation of empirical quasiexponential decay parameters allowed the systematic estimation of the mean quantum efficiency of the centers as a function of intrinsic and ion-induced defect concentration, which is of direct relevance for the current studies on the use of diamond color centers for photonic applications.