Geophysical Research Letters · 1998 · 892 citations · 15 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesEnvironmental SciencesAtmospheric RadiationAtmospheric ScienceClimate ScienceAtmospheric AbsorptionClimate ChangeGreenhouse EffectGreenhouse Gas FluxesRadiative ForcingRadiative TransferAtmospheric Radiative ForcingCarbon Dioxide ForcingGreenhouse Gas ForcingGreenhouse Gas Radiative ForcingGreenhouse Gas Radiative TransferRadiative Forcing EstimationRadiative Forcing From Carbon DioxideRadiative Transfer Theory
The study updates the simple forcing‑concentration relationships used by the IPCC for well‑mixed greenhouse gases. The authors performed new radiative‑forcing calculations for well‑mixed greenhouse gases using three radiative‑transfer models and revised the simple forcing‑concentration relationships. They found that CO₂ forcing, including shortwave absorption, is 15 % lower than the IPCC estimate, the total WMGG forcing is 2.25 W m⁻² with ~5 % uncertainty, and the relative importance of CFCs has risen by ~20 %.
We have performed new calculations of the radiative forcing due to changes in the concentrations of the most important well mixed greenhouse gases (WMGG) since pre‐industrial time. Three radiative transfer models are used. The radiative forcing due to CO 2 , including shortwave absorption, is 15% lower than the previous IPCC estimate. The radiative forcing due to all the WMGG is calculated to 2.25 Wm −2 , which we estimate to be accurate to within about 5%. The importance of the CFCs is increased by about 20% relative to the total effect of all WMGG compared to previous estimates. We present updates to simple forcing‐concentration relationships previously used by IPCC.
15
Climate change—The IPCC scientific assessment
Environment International · 1991 · 1.3K citations
Natural Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences +14
Climate‐chemical interactions and effects of changing atmospheric trace gases
V. Ramanathan, L. B. Callis, R. D. Cess et al. · Reviews of Geophysics · 1987 · 276 citations