Doxycycline Inhibits TGF-β1–Induced MMP-9 via Smad and MAPK Pathways in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

Abstract

These findings demonstrated that doxycycline inhibits TGF-beta1-induced MMP-9 production and activity, perhaps through the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. These inhibitory effects may explain the reported efficacy of doxycycline in treating MMP-9-mediated ocular surface diseases.