Stimulated Emission into Optical Whispering Modes of Spheres
Physical Review · 1961 · 311 citations · 5 references
Optical MaterialsEngineeringWave OpticCavity QedLaser ApplicationsSpherical SampleOptomechanicsWhispering GalleryOptical PropertiesOptical SystemsNanophotonicsOptical PumpingPhotonicsPhysicsLight–matter InteractionOptical Whispering ModesOptical PhysicApplied PhysicsRayleigh Theory
Stimulated emission into optical whispering modes of a spherical sample of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{++}$ has been observed. Light produced by the stimulated emission is radiated tangentially form each point on the surface of the sphere. The experimental results have been interpreted in terms of the electromagnetic analog of the Rayleigh theory of the whispering gallery.
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347 citations
Solid-State Optical Maser Using Divalent Samarium in Calcium Fluoride [Letter to the Editor]
P. P. Sorokin, M. J. Stevenson · IBM Journal of Research and Development · 1961
148 citations
Lord Rayleigh · The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science · 1914
109 citations
W. L. Bond · Review of Scientific Instruments · 1954
48 citations
Growth of Single-Crystal Calcium Fluoride with Rare-Earth Impurities
H. J. Guggenheim · Journal of Applied Physics · 1961
38 citations