Fundamentals of very low frequency emission generation mechanisms

Abstract

The transfer of energy between whistler-mode signals and energetic charged particles is examined. Resonance conditions are derived, leading to a classification of the mechanisms previously suggested for the generation of VLF emissions. The relationship between change in energy and change in pitch angle of the particles is derived for the transverse resonance interaction with longitudinal whistler-mode waves. Features of the transverse resonance plasma instabilities and the anomalous Doppler effect are clarified.