Three-dimensional hybrid gyrokinetic-magnetohydrodynamics simulation

Abstract

A three-dimensional (3-D) hybrid gyrokinetic-MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulation scheme is presented. To the 3-D toroidal MHD code, MH3D-K the energetic particle component is added as gyrokinetic particles. The resulting code, mh3d-k, is used to study the nonlinear behavior of energetic particle effects in tokamaks, such as the energetic particle stabilization of sawteeth, fishbone oscillations, and alpha-particle-driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) modes.