Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Size, Shape, and Self-Assemblies

Abstract

Ruthenium nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of RuCl3 in a liquid polyol. The mean particle size was restricted to the 1−6 nm range by appropriate choice of the reduction temperature and the acetate ion concentration in the solution. Very narrow particle diameter distributions were obtained. In some samples, among nearly isotropic particles, platelets with aspect ratios as low as 1/4 were detected. Colloidal solutions in toluene were obtained by coating the metal particles with dodecane thiol. Self-assemblies of 4-nm-sized coated particles were studied on a transmission electron microscope grid. The dodecane thiol concentration in the colloidal solution was found to determine, within the particle monolayer, the formation of either columnar units made up of edgewise stacked platelets, or a hexagonal network with a mean distance between the particles of 2 nm. The stacking of hexagonal arrays of particles was also studied, and both closed-packed and noncompact stackings were found. In the noncompact stacking, moiré images resulted from the twisting of the two hexagonal layers with respect to each other. Reconstructions of moiré patterns were observed to favor the 6-fold and 2-fold sites.