Simple model for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>x-ray and Auger-electron energy shifts in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

$K$ x-ray and Auger-electron energies in heavy-ion collisions are shifted in energy in an opposite manner as the degree of ionization in the $L$ shell increases. X-rays are shifted to higher energies and Auger electrons to lower energies. We describe a very simple model which accounts for these effects and provide crude estimates of the shifts.