Energy and time resolution of the 180 degrees hemispherical electrostatic analyser

Abstract

The energy resolution and transit time spread of the 180 degrees hemispherical electrostatic analyser for nonrelativistic electrons or ions have been computed. The results have been expressed in terms of the dimensions of the analyser and the parameters describing the input particle beam for a large range of possible configurations. The predictions for a particular electron analyser have been tested experimentally and good agreement has been obtained.