Continuous and rapid measurement of Seebeck coefficient using operational amplifier circuitry

Abstract

A new technique is described for the continuous and rapid measurement of the thermo-electric power of substances as a function of either temperature or pressure. The circuitry involves the use of operational amplifiers-extremely efficient and versatile devices. The overall accuracy of the instrument constructed out of this circuitry is within 1%. The performance of the system is demonstrated by giving the experimental curve of thermopower against temperature in the case of ytterbium.