Site-Isolated Electro-optic Chromophores Based on Substituted 2,2′-Bis(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) π-Conjugated Bridges

Abstract

Application of bis(propylenedioxythiophene) (bis(ProDOT)) π-conjugated bridges bearing alkyl or aryl substituents in electro-optic (EO) chromophores is presented. A series of three bis(ProDOT)-based chromophores and a bithiophene-based control chromophore were prepared and fully characterized with regard to EO applications. The highly planar bis(ProDOT) bridge results in slightly larger (∼10%) molecular hyperpolarizability (β) values as compared to the bithiophene bridge, as measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering at a variety of wavelengths. In amorphous polycarbonate guest–host films, however, the bulky substituents on the bis(ProDOT) bridge result in significantly larger (∼70%) poling-induced EO coefficient (r33) values, as measured by simple reflection ellipsometry at 1310 nm. This can be attributed to a roughly 2-fold enhancement in poling efficiency due to reduced intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions. This chromophore architecture also exhibits excellent temporal alignment stability and photochemical stability as compared to benchmark AJL8, FTC, and CLD chromophore systems. Incorporation of the strong CF3-phenyl-substituted tricyano-furan (TCF) acceptor into a bis(ProDOT)-based chromophore resulted in a βzzz(−2ω;ω,ω) value at 1907 nm of 5700 ± 400 × 10−30 esu and an r33 value of 69 ± 14 pm/V at 32.8 total chromophore weight %.