The Pattern of Infiltration at the Proximal Border of Hilar Bile Duct Carcinoma

Abstract

The pattern of infiltration at the proximal border of resected hilar bile duct carcinomas is closely related to the gross tumor type. The length of submucosal extension is usually less than 10 mm. Superficial spread of cancer is seen in more than 10% of cases. A tumor-free proximal resection margin of 5 mm appears to be adequate in hilar bile duct carcinoma.