Study of Occupational Sites and Dielectric Properties of Ho–Mg and Ho–Mn Substituted BaTiO₃

Abstract

The effect of re-oxidation treatment on the solubility in dopants and the dielectric properties of Ho–Mg- and Ho–Mn-substituted BaTiO 3 was investigated. The lattice parameter and electrical resistivity results indicated that the predominant occupational sites of Ho ions changed from A -sites to B -sites by increasing the doped content in both systems. In the case of Ho–Mn-substituted samples, the decrease in lattice parameter and a shift of the Curie point ( T c ) to higher temperatures by re-oxidation treatment were observed in the range in which Ho ions predominantly occupy B -sites (act as acceptors). On the other hand, Ho–Mg-substituted samples showed little change. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that these changes due to re-oxidation were based on the decrease of the ionic size of Mn due to the oxidation of Mn 2+ to Mn 3+ or Mn 4+ . The occupational sites of Ho ions strongly affected the valence state of Mn and the dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 .