Rapid Estrogen Receptor Signaling Is Essential for the Protective Effects of Estrogen Against Vascular Injury

Abstract

Taken together, these results support the concept that rapid, nonnuclear ER signaling contributes to the transcriptional regulatory functions of ER and is essential for many of the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. These findings also identify the rapid ER signaling pathway as a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic agents.