Blocking vascular endothelial growth factor with soluble Flt‐1 improves the chondrogenic potential of mouse skeletal muscle–derived stem cells

Abstract

Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy improved the BMP-4- and TGFbeta3-induced chondrogenic gene expression of MDSCs in vitro and improved the persistence of articular cartilage repair by preventing vascularization and bone invasion into the repaired articular cartilage.