Platinum(iv) prodrugs entrapped within multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Selective release by chemical reduction and hydrophobicity reversal

Abstract

Platinum-based anticancer drugs constitute some of most effective chemotherapeutic regimes, but they are limited by high toxicities and severe side-effects arising from premature aquation and non-specific interactions. Macromolecular delivery agents can be used to shield platinum drugs from adventitious binding and as a platform to attach targeting groups, as a strategy to mitigate some of these limitations. An approach was conceived to utilise carbon nanotubes as a protective shell for stable platinum(IV) prodrugs entrapped within its inner cavities. An inert and strongly hydrophobic platinum(IV) complex was designed for entrapment within multiwalled carbon nanotubes via hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions. Upon chemical reduction, the drug was converted to its cytotoxic and hydrophilic form and released from the carrier, via a drastic reversal in hydrophobicity, for DNA-binding. This simple method of hydrophobic entrapment and controlled release by chemical reduction and hydrophobicity reversal, exploiting the Pt(IV) scaffold as a prodrug, could form the basis of other delivery strategies for targeted delivery of platinum drugs into cancer cells.