Australasian Journal of Dermatology · 1996 · 199 citations · 13 references
MedicineDermatologyCosmetic DermatologyDermatologic SurgeryPhotodermatologySkin CareSkin SafetySunburn PreventionCutaneous AbsorptionPilot Study DesignPilot Study Sample SizeSkin AbsorptionSunscreen UseTitanium Oxides
Many Australians are being advised to apply microfine titanium dioxide sunscreen daily from the cradle to the grave. However, there is a surprising lack of data on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide. A prospective pilot study was conducted to analyse the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens. Selected patients scheduled to have skin surgery, applied titanium dioxide sunscreen to the skin daily for 2-6 weeks prior to their operation. After excision, the stratum corneum of the sample was stripped and the titanium concentration of the remaining epidermis and dermis was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results from this pilot study showed that levels of titanium in the epidermis and dermis of subjects who applied microfine titanium dioxide to their skin were higher than the levels of titanium found in controls. Studies with larger cohorts are necessary to establish if this absorption is statistically significant.
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Dermatology in General Medicine
Philip C. Anderson · JAMA · 1994 · 1.2K citations
Medicine, Dermatology, Pathology +9
Dangerous properties of industrial materials
HowardH. Fawcett · Journal of Hazardous Materials · 1985 · 407 citations
Sui Yuen Eddie Hou, Alok K. Mitra, Stephen H. White et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1991 · 295 citations · Full text