Origin of brown coloration in diamond

Abstract

Measurements of the absorption spectra of brown natural type IIa diamond as well as brown nitrogen-doped CVD diamond are reported. These are largely featureless and increase almost monotonically from about 1--$5.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. It is argued that the brown coloration is due to an extended defect and not to a point defect. First principles modeling studies demonstrate that the spectra could be attributed to vacancy disks lying on ${111}$ planes. Such disks are unstable above about 200 vacancies and should relax to dislocation loops in natural diamond. Hydrogen is shown to passivate the optical activity of the disks.