Applied Physics Letters · 2011 · 313 citations · 22 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceMaterials CharacterizationMaterials ChemistrySpectroscopyRaman SpectroscopySemiconductor NanomaterialsSolar Cell MaterialsSolar CellsSurface PhysicsSurface SpectroscopyExcitation ConditionsRaman Data AnalysisRaman ScatteringRaman SpectraResonant ExcitationSolar Cell CharacterizationSolar Cell Device PhysicsX-ray Diffraction Analysis
This work reports the in-depth resolved Raman scattering analysis with different excitation wavelengths of Cu2ZnSnS4 layers. Secondary phases constitute a central problem in this material, particularly since they cannot be distinguished by x-ray diffraction. Raman spectra measured with 325 nm excitation light after sputtering the layers to different depths show peaks that are not detectable by excitation in the visible. These are identified with Cu3SnS4 modes at the surface region while spectra measured close to the back region show peaks from ZnS and MoS2. Observation of ZnS is enhanced by resonant excitation conditions achieved when working with UV excitation.
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Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
Kai Wang, Oki Gunawan, Teodor K. Todorov et al. · Applied Physics Letters · 2010 · 646 citations