Partial pancreatectomy in the rat and subsequent defect in glucose-induced insulin release.

TLDR

The study aimed to determine the effects of a 90 % reduction in pancreatic β‑cell mass on glucose regulation in rats. Rats underwent 90 % partial pancreatectomy to reduce β‑cell mass, and subsequent metabolic assessments were conducted. Despite regeneration of the pancreatic remnant, rats displayed moderate hyperglycemia and a selective loss of glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion, while insulin responses to meals or arginine remained intact, indicating that chronic β‑cell mass reduction leads to impaired glucose‑induced insulin release.

Abstract

To define the consequences of a known reduction of B cell mass in rats, 90% partial pancreatectomies were performed. For the 6 wk following surgery moderate hyperglycemia was maintained in the fed state but there were no differences in body weight nor plasma insulin concentrations compared with sham-pancreatectomized controls. 8-10 wk following surgery regeneration of the remnant was evident with remnant weight being 26%, B cell mass being 42%, and non-B cell mass being 47% of values found for control whole pancreas. There were comparable increases in the remnant content of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Following meal challenges, intraperitoneal and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and intravenous arginine challenge given 6-7 wk after surgery, the insulin responses to glucose were blunted or absent but the responses following the meals or arginine were intact. Similarly, when the pancreatic remnant was perfused in vitro, insulin release after challenge with 300 mg/dl glucose was markedly reduced whereas intact responsiveness to 10 mM arginine was retained. These data suggest that the chronic stimulation of a reduced B cell mass can lead to a selective loss of glucose-induced insulin secretion.