Intracellular sequestration of amiodarone: role of vacuolar ATPase and macroautophagic transition of the resulting vacuolar cytopathology

Abstract

Vacuolar sequestration of amiodarone occurs at concentrations close to therapeutic levels, is mediated by V-ATPase and evolves towards persistent macroautophagy and phospholipidosis. This cytopathology is not cell type specific, but tissue macrophages appear to be particularly susceptible.