Thermodynamic, Transport, and Excitation Properties of Ce Impurities in a Model Metal: Kondo Resonance and Universality in the Mixed-Valent Regime

Abstract

A unified view of the mixed-valence system of Ce impurities in a metal results from a comprehensive calculation of its properties. The peak position ${T}_{0}$ of the Kondo resonance in the photoemission spectrum sets the scale for the universal functions describing the specific heat, susceptibility, resistivity, thermopower, thermal conductivity, and neutron-scattering function. Deviations from universality arise when ${T}_{0}$ becomes comparable to the hybridization width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ or the spin-orbit splitting $\ensuremath{\Delta}$.