Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · 2010 · 112 citations · 33 references
EngineeringGreenhouse Gas EmissionAir QualityMarine ChemistryIndustrial EmissionOceanographyMarine EngineeringOrganic GeochemistryMarine PropulsionEmission MeasurementsMarine PollutionPetroleum ProductionContainer ShipExhaust EmissionEmission FactorsChemical EmissionGreenhouse Gas MeasurementPm CompositionShip ResistancePropulsionEmission ReductionMarine EngineOcean EngineeringAerospace EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringShip DesignSeakeeping And ControlAir Pollution
Emission measurements of major gases, PM₂.₅, and detailed PM composition were conducted on a post PanaMax container vessel running on heavy fuel oil at sea, following ISO protocols. The study found weighted emission factors of 19.77 ± 0.28 g kWh⁻¹ for NOₓ and 2.40 ± 0.05 g kWh⁻¹ for PM₂.₅, with CO₂ and NOₓ factors matching earlier measurements and a black‑carbon factor of 0.007 ± 0.001 g kWh⁻¹, indicating minimal deterioration and providing a key metric for marine‑engine radiative forcing.
Emission measurements were made for major gases and PM 2.5 mass for a post PanaMax Class container vessel operating on heavy fuel oil at sea. Additional measurements were made for PM composition, elemental and organic carbon, select hydrocarbons, including PAHs, carbonyls, and n‐alkanes. The testing followed the International Standard Organization protocols for emission measurements and operating test cycle. Results showed the weighted emission factor for NO x and PM 2.5 were 19.77 ± 0.28 and 2.40 ± 0.05 g/kWh, respectively. The study provided a rare opportunity to repeat measurements made three years earlier on the same vessel. Emission factors of CO 2 and NO x closely matched the earlier values, suggesting a low deterioration factor. Results showed the black carbon emission factor was 0.007 ± 0.001 g/kWh, an important metric for determining the radiative forcing contribution of marine engines.
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Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment
James J. Corbett, James J. Winebrake, Erin H. Green et al. · Environmental Science & Technology · 2007 · 1.1K citations