Three-dimensional acoustic-ray tracing in an inhomogeneous anisotropic atmosphere using Hamilton's equations

Abstract

Three-dimensional ray-tracing equations are presented for tracing acoustic rays in an inhomogeneous anisotropic atmosphere which are based on Hamilton's equations for geometrical optics. The equations are converted to a form suitable for direct numerical integration. Simplified ray equations for the special case of horizontal stratification are obtained. Results of ray tracing in an atmosphere with both vertical and angular wind shear are outlined, and the formation of a shadow zone in the downwind direction is demonstrated.