The Impact of Rubella Immunization on the Serological Status of Women of Childbearing Age: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study in Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

This article discusses the impact of rubella immunization on the serological status of women of childbearing age, and presents a case study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, in this regard. This study assessed the impact of rubella immunization, on the serological status of women of childbearing age over a 25-year time period and identified the risk factors for ongoing rubella susceptibility. This study shows that although rubella vaccination has produced a significant reduction in rubella seronegativity in women of childbearing age, full protection seems unlikely. The increase in low titers is also of concern, as reinfection in pregnancy, with a slight risk to the fetus, occur more often in these women. The study reveals that country of birth is the major factor associated with seronegativity. Despite comprehensive vaccination programs in industrialized countries including Australia and the United States, congenital rubella syndrome although significantly less prevalent, still occurs particularly among unvaccinated women from developing countries.