Condensation of “Composite Bosons” in a Rotating BEC

Abstract

We provide evidence for several novel phases in the dilute limit of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. By exact calculation of wave functions and energies for small numbers of particles, we show that the states near integer angular momentum per particle are best considered condensates of composite entities, involving vortices and atoms. We are led to this result by explicit comparison with a description purely in terms of vortices. Several parallels with the fractional quantum Hall effect emerge, including the presence of the Pfaffian state.