Increased plasma concentrations of TGF‐β₁ after hormone replacement therapy

Abstract

The novel observation that transdermal 17beta-oestradiol in postmenopausal women increases levels of TGF-beta1 and lowers the concentration of Lp(a) lipoprotein suggests yet another possible mechanism for the cardioprotective effect of HRT. Whereas combination therapy of oestradiol and MPA preserves the beneficial effect on TGF-beta1, it reduces the unopposed oestradiol effects on Lp(a) lipoprotein.