Journal of Applied Physics · 1989 · 31 citations · 17 references
The sensitivity for electron-phase measurement in electron holography has been improved to better than 2π/100 by the application of digital interferometry at the optical reconstruction stage. This enables quantitative measurement of magnetic flux as small as (1/100)(h/e)(=4.1×10−17 Wb), hitherto undetectable, with high spatial resolution. With this technique, we have observed the distribution of leakage magnetic field from a thin cross section of a perpendicularly magnetized recording film (cobalt-chromium) with a recording density as high as 300 kFCI (85 nm bit length), the highest density ever directly observed.
17
Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory
Yakir Aharonov, David Böhm · Physical Review · 1959 · 6.8K citations · Full text
Digital wave-front measuring interferometry: some systematic error sources
Johannes Schwider, R. Burow, K.-E. Elßner et al. · Applied Optics · 1983 · 707 citations
Applications of electron holography
Akira Tonomura · Reviews of Modern Physics · 1987 · 464 citations