Proinflammatory high‐density lipoprotein as a biomarker for atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

HDLs are proinflammatory in a significant proportion of SLE patients and are associated with elevated levels of ox-LDL. Abnormal HDLs impair the ability to prevent LDL oxidation and may predispose to atherosclerosis.