Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society · 2000 · 745 citations · 14 references
Biomass UtilizationAbstract Methyl EstersChemical EngineeringBiomass ConversionEngineeringPalm OilCatalysisChemistryPalm Oil TransesterificationFuel ProductionChemical KineticsReaction TimeHydrothermal Processing
Methyl esters were produced by transesterifying palm oil with methanol using KOH as catalyst. The batch transesterification rate rose with temperature up to 60 °C, but higher temperatures did not shorten the time to maximum conversion; conversion followed second‑order kinetics for 30 min, with TG, DG, and MG hydrolysis rate constants of 0.018–0.191 wt % min⁻¹ that increased with temperature, MG being fastest, and activation energies of 14.7, 14.2, and 6.4 kcal mol⁻¹, with 1 % KOH giving optimal conversion.
Abstract Methyl esters were produced by transesterification of palm oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (KOH). The rate of transesterification in a batch reactor increased with temperature up to 60°C. Higher temperatures did not reduce the time to reach maximal conversion. The conversion of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), and monoglycerides (MG) appeared to be second order up to 30 min of reaction time. Reaction rate constants for TG, DG, and MG hydrolysis reactions were 0.018–0.191 (wt%·min) −1 , and were higher at higher temperatures and higher for the MG reaction than for TG hydrolysis. Activation energies were 14.7, 14.2, and 6.4 kcal/mol for the TG, DG, and MG hydrolysis reactions, respectively. The optimal catalyst concentration was 1% KOH.
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