Sustained Reduction of Nicotine Craving With Real-Time Neurofeedback: Exploring the Role of Severity of Dependence

Abstract

This study builds upon previous rtfMRI studies on the regulation of nicotine craving in demonstrating that feedback from the ACC can reduce activation to smoking cues across three separate visits. Individuals with lower nicotine-dependence severity were more successful in reducing ACC activation over time. These data highlight the need to consider dependence severity in developing more individualized neurofeedback methods.