Southern Communication Journal · 1995 · 48 citations · 27 references
Social SciencesPsychologySocial PsychologyInterpersonal CommunicationPersonality PsychologyProsocial BehaviorEmpathic CommunicationEmpathic ConcernEmpathic RespondingEmpathyInterpersonal Communication SkillsListening SkillsCompassionate RespondingEmotional EmpathyListening StylesSympathetic Responding
The relationship between listening styles and empathy is an emerging area warranting further study. The study examined how four listening styles relate to three empathy constructs. High people‑style listeners were more sympathetic but not empathetic, action or time‑style listeners showed little concern, and content‑style listeners could engage emotionally upset others without feeling the same affect.
Linkages between four listening styles (people‐, action‐, content‐, and time‐oriented) and three constructs of empathy (empathetic responsiveness, perspective taking, and sympathetic responsiveness) were examined. Data from an extensive survey reveal that individuals scoring high on the people listening style reported a tendency to be sympathetic but not empathetic with regard to another in an aversive situation. Conversely, individuals scoring high on either the action or time listening styles exhibited a tendency to feel little concern or pity for others in need. And, those scoring high on the content listening style exhibited the ability to interact with emotionally upset others without experiencing a congruent affective response. Taken together, these findings provide a strong foundation for further research into the links between individual differences in listening styles and empathy.
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A measure of emotional empathy1
Albert Mehrabian, Norman B. Epstein · Journal of Personality · 1972 · 2.4K citations
Development of an empathy scale.
Robert Hogan · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · 1969 · 1.5K citations