Antihypertensive effect of rhizome part of Acorus calamus on renal artery occlusion induced hypertension in rats

Abstract

The rhizomes part of Acorus calamus (AC) having the calcium inhibitory effect and diuretic activity which may potentiate Na+ excretion in hypertension induced by occlusion of renal artery. Therefore this study was aimed to investigate the effect of AC on experimentally induced hypertension. Hypertension in rats was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 4h by arterial clamp (2K1C). At the end of experiment animal were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg). Carotid artery was cannulated which was connected to pressure transducer for estimation of blood pressure. Ethyl acetate extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes (EAAC) treated rats that underwent hypertension, demonstrated significant (P < 0.01) lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure when compared with 2K1C rats indicated blood pressure lowering activity. Plasma renin activity was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in EAAC treated rats compared to 2K1C rats. EAAC treated rats that underwent hypertension demonstrated significant (P < 0.01) lower mean blood urea nitrogen and creatinine when compared with 2K1C rats. Lipid peroxidation was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased, where as nitric oxide level in tissue was significantly elevated in EAAC treated rats. Antioxidant enzymes like glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001) increased in EAAC treated rats when compared to 2K1C rats. In conclusions, EAAC treatment attenuated renal artery occlusion induced hypertension via nitric oxide generation and decreases the plasma renin activity.