Evaluation of effect of smoking and hypertension on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress

Abstract

To determine the effect of smoking, hypertension individually on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation and the cumulative influence of smoking and hypertension on oxidative stress and lipid profile. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in sixty cases including twenty smokers, twenty hypertensives, and twenty smokers with hypertension and compared with those in twenty age and sex matched healthy controls. Statistically significant increase in MDA, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides and decrease in HDL in cases were observed in smokers, hypertensives and smokers with hypertension when compared to healthy controls. Smokers had significantly elevated levels of lipid profile and MDA except for HDL when compared to hypertensive group. Statistically significant increase in the levels of study parameters of smoking and hypertensive group was noticed when compared to group with hypertensives (P<0.05) and there was a statistically significant decrease in HDL levels in smoking and hypertensive group when compared to healthy controls. All the biochemical study parameters had larger effects (0.80<d<1.20) for the smoking and hypertensive group in comparison with control group. Cigarette smoking, together with hypertension, has larger effect on lipid profile than in patients with cigarette smoking or hypertension alone and induces alteration in serum lipid levels and oxidative stress in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease.