Physical Review Letters · 1987 · 190 citations · 11 references
Natural SciencesMaterials SciencePhysicsComputational Materials ScienceCondensed Matter PhysicsSurface ScienceCrystal PlanesSurface Chemistry Of SolidsSurface CrystallographySurface MagnetismSurface PhysicsCrystal Surface SymmetryStress TensorSurface Atomic StructureSurface EffectsSurface Electronic StructureSurface Lattice GeometrySurface StatesSurface Stress
Quantum mechanical calculations of the surface stress tensor at the aluminum (111) and (110) surfaces are presented. In each case the stress is tensile, favoring contraction in the plane of the surface. This tensile stress is caused by smoothing of the electronic wave functions at the crystal surface.
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On the Interaction of Electrons in Metals
E. P. Wigner · Physical Review · 1934 · 2.9K citations
Theory of Metal Surfaces: Charge Density and Surface Energy
N. D. Lang, W. Kohn · Physical review. B, Solid state · 1970 · 1.9K citations
T. A. Read · Physics Today · 1949 · 1.2K citations