Toll‐like Receptor‐Mediated Responses by Placental Hofbauer Cells (<scp>HBC</scp>s): A Potential Pro‐Inflammatory Role for Fetal M2 Macrophages

Abstract

These results indicate that although HBCs are M2 macrophages, inflammatory responses are induced through TLR-3 and TLR-4 in this cell type, suggesting a role in microbial-driven placental/fetal inflammation.